Cáncer de mama ectópica axilar: caso clínico / Ectopic axillary breast cancer: case report

Resumen Introducción El tejido mamario ectópico es consecuencia de la involución incompleta de la cresta mamaria. Su localización más frecuente es axilar siendo más común en el sexo femenino. Nuestro objetivo fue presentar el caso de una patología infrecuente en su localización. Materiales y Método Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 39 años, con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama ectópica en la región axilar izquierda. Resultados Presentamos el estudio y la resolución quirúrgica de una paciente con cáncer de mama ectópica. Discusión La presencia de tejido mamario ectópico ocurre en el 2%-6% de la población general. Este tejido sufre cambios fisiopatológicos similares a los de la mama normal, entre los cuales se encuentra la malignización. El carcinoma primario de este tejido es infrecuente y su manifestación más común es el tumor palpable. Conclusiones La incidencia de carcinoma en tejido ectópico es de 0,3% de todos los cánceres de mama. El tratamiento debe seguir las mismas recomendaciones que el cáncer de mama normotópico, con igual estadio TNM.

Introduction Ectopic mammary tissue is consecuence of the incomplete involution of the mammary crest. The most frequent location is the axillary region and more common in women. Our gol was present the case of an infrequent pathology in its location. Materials and Method A case of a 39-year-old patient with a diagnosis of ectopic breast cancer in the left axillary region. Results We present the study and surgical resolution of a patient with ectopic breast cancer. Discussion Ectopic breast tissue occurs in 2-6% of the general population. This tissue undergoes pathophysiological changes similar to those of the normal breast, among which malignancy is found. The primary carcinoma of this tissue is infrequent and its most common manifestation is the palpable tumor. Conclussion The incidence of carcinoma in ectopic tissue is approximately 0.3% of all breast cancers. Treatment should follow the same recommendations as those for breast tumors with the same TNM stage.

Cáncer en mama axilar: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso / Axillary breast cancer: clinical case and literature review

El tejido mamario ectópico se desarrolla debido a la involución incompleta de la cresta mamaria, de localización más frecuente en la axila y más común en mujeres. Este tejido sufre cambios fisiopatológicos similares a los de la mama normal, entre los cuales se encuentra la malignización. El carcinoma primario de este tejido es infrecuente, y su manifestación más común es la masa palpable. Al igual que en la mama normal, la histología más frecuente del cáncer de mama ectópica es el Carcinoma Ductal Infiltrante y, por su localización atípica, suele diagnosticarse tardíamente, y tendría un curso más agresivo y de peor pronóstico, dado por la mayor cercanía a ganglios, piel y pared torácica. Debido a los pocos datos publicados, el diagnóstico y tratamiento no están bien establecidos, pero los esquemas disponibles son similares a los utilizados en el cáncer de mama normal. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 41 años, con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama ectópica en la región axilar derecha, sin invasión a distancia, tratada con cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia, que evoluciona favorablemente, sin metástasis ni recidivas durante seguimiento.

Ectopic mammary tissue develops due to the incomplete involution of the mammary crest, which is more frequently located in the axilla and more common in women. This tissue undergoes pathophysiological changes similar to those of the normal breast, among which malignancy is found. The primary carcinoma of this tissue is infrequent and its most common manifestation is the palpable mass. As in the normal breast, the most frequent histology of ectopic breast cancer is the Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma and, because of its atypical location, it is usually diagnosed late and it would have a more aggressive course and a worse prognosis, due to the greater proximity to lymph nodes, skin and chest wall. Because of the few published data, the diagnosis and treatment are not well established, but the available schemes are similar to those used in normal breast cancer. We present the case of a 41yearsold female patient with a diagnosis of ectopic breast cancer in the right axillary region, without distant invasion, treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, whoevolves favorably, without metastasis or relapses during follow-up.

Ectopic gynecomastia: repost of occurence in a male patient with type 1 diabetes

We report a case of breast tissue development at the usual insulin injection area, on both iliac fossa.There is no report in the literature that shows relation between hypertrophy, and/or increase ofin vivo breast tissue and insulin stimulus. To our knowledge, this is the first case of ectopic gynecomastia reported in the literature. Male patient, 52 years, diabetic, sought to the Emergency Department due to abdominal pain. Abdomen computed tomography scan incidentally indentified tissuewith the same morphological and attenuation characteristics of the breast in the subcutaneous of both iliac fossa, at the usual insulin injection site. The patient was also submitted to complementaryultrasound exam. Ectopic gynecomastia is a possible entity, considering embryology andhormone aspects, but literature has no record of such cases in men. Another intriguing point is thatthe preeminence of the breast tissue occurred only at the chronic insulin injection area, a stimulatinghormone, known to be mitogenic.

Relatamos o caso de paciente masculino, em que foi identificadotecido mamário no local habitual de aplicação de insulina, nas fossas ilíacas. Não há na literatura nenhuma relação estabelecidaentre hipertrofia e/ou aumento do tecido mamário in vivo e estímulo de insulina, sendo este, ao nosso conhecimento, o primeiro caso documentado na literatura de ginecomastia ectópica. Paciente do sexo masculino, 52 anos, diabético, atendido no Pronto Atendimento devido a dor abdominal. Tomografia computadorizada de abdome total identificou, incidentalmente, tecido com as mesmas características morfológicas e de atenuação do tecido mamário no subcutâneo de ambas as fossas ilíacas, no local habitual de aplicação de insulina. Foi feita complementação com ultrassonografia direcionada. A ginecomastia ectópica é uma entidade possível, tendo em vista a embriologia e os fatores hormonais,porém não há na literatura casos descritos em homens. Outro fator intrigante é a proeminência do tecido mamário somente no local de injeção crônica de insulina, um hormônio estimulante, conhecidamente mitogênico.